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Don’t worry about which electrical contact you connect to the positive or negative output terminals of the speed controller. The cables can always be swapped later.

Do not solder anything to the speed controller.

If you screw the bolts too far into the motor, it may stop working. This won’t be an issue later, but if it causes problems now, place a few nuts on the bolt before using it. This will stop the bolt from going too deep into the motor.

The dip switch is mounted by using the holes that are already placed on the PCB board.

If you’ve connected everything correctly, you can now turn on the motor and control its speed using the potentiometer.

The potentiometer is the small knob on the motor speed controller that you can rotate.

It doesn’t matter if you connect the wire to the positive (cathode) or the negative (anode) terminal of the battery.

Note that for power sources, the cathode and anode are marked opposite to that of diodes and other electronics. In them, the cathode is the positive terminal and the anode is the negative one.

Here’s a list of all the tools you’ll need to build the DIY Rotating LED Clock Display. Each tool links to Amazon. If a link isn’t available, we’ve included tips on how to find another one.

Here’s a list of all the parts you need to build the DIY Rotating LED Clock Display. Each part links to Amazon. If a link doesn’t work, don’t worry - we’ve also added tips on how to find a replacement.

Resistors are essential electronic components that limit the flow of electric current in a circuit. Because they’re so small, their resistance value (measured in ohms, Ω) is usually marked with colored bands instead of numbers. Here's how to read them:

What Is a Hall Effect Sensor?

A Hall Effect Sensor is a small electronic component that detects magnets. When a magnet comes close, it sends a signal to other devices, like an Arduino or an LED light. Think of it as a tiny switch that turns on whenever a magnet is nearby.

If you don’t rotate an object around its center of mass, it becomes unstable - causing vibrations, extra stress, and sometimes complete system failure.

You’ve probably seen a spinning fan or display with LED lights that forms text or images in mid-air — it looks like magic! But what’s really happening?

This amazing effect is based on a concept called Persistence of Vision (POV). When an LED strip spins fast enough and its lights turn on and off at just the right times, your brain blends those quick flashes together. The result? You see a complete image - even though it’s really just a single line of lights moving in circles!

What is a Capacitor?

A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. You can think of it like a tiny rechargeable battery, but it charges and discharges much faster and can’t hold energy for very long.

Why Are Voltage Regulators Important?

1. They protect components from getting too much or too little voltage.

2. They keep the power supply stable.

3. They make electronic devices more reliable and last longer.